Harvesting Footnote1
Area harvested (hectares) 747,690 778,058 782,666 815,645 749,758 775,336 739,297 710,015 725,966 642,570 719,860 829,417 890,635 1,114,207 1,054,935 1,039,289 1,052,556 1,042,877 1,076,845 1,102,897 1,079,918 1,095,429 1,061,432 1,036,444 1,014,822 985,752 929,401 881,525 925,170
Volume harvested (cubic metres) 158,063,563 155,764,849 157,377,158 159,846,279 155,135,729 155,530,548 153,184,768 150,482,535 144,273,611 118,935,116 141,397,484 165,920,946 185,359,271 205,664,697 210,870,752 184,272,739 198,230,683 187,299,974 202,372,324 199,573,537 176,956,601 188,749,562 183,374,714 188,496,726 183,260,848 175,999,289 170,130,947 160,880,430 162,567,345
Regeneration (hectares) Footnote2
Area planted 356,371 376,916 407,979 436,482 428,411 435,393 366,629 379,173 392,419 405,176 454,739 492,825 492,056 473,709 441,368 436,873 448,566 476,450 459,872 456,149 449,183 449,876 439,351 442,780 442,198 418,621 423,405 464,997 484,383
Area seeded 6,003 17,292 26,976 19,743 17,268 11,638 10,541 11,202 12,063 15,938 20,623 34,546 20,500 19,481 21,729 46,076 18,903 21,373 20,136 26,326 32,641 26,896 32,821 26,641 30,536 29,092 36,226 66,722 40,773
Third-party certification (hectares) Footnote3
Area certified 168,002,236 164,476,024 169,865,528 167,797,888 166,163,538 161,491,948 152,937,728 147,928,855 150,567,024 149,838,198 142,782,131 145,748,831 137,886,117 123,753,226 119,765,281 87,537,665 56,772,457 28,190,593 17,173,253 5,284,662 420,000
Footnotes
Footnote 1
Harvesting
Sources:
http://splen.sakura.ne.jp/project/trac.cgi/ticket/2914
http://splen.sakura.ne.jp/project/trac.cgi/ticket/2915
http://splen.sakura.ne.jp/project/trac.cgi/ticket/2916
http://splen.sakura.ne.jp/project/trac.cgi/ticket/2917
http://splen.sakura.ne.jp/project/trac.cgi/ticket/2918
http://splen.sakura.ne.jp/project/trac.cgi/ticket/2919
http://splen.sakura.ne.jp/project/trac.cgi/ticket/2920
http://splen.sakura.ne.jp/project/trac.cgi/ticket/2921
http://splen.sakura.ne.jp/project/trac.cgi/ticket/2922
http://splen.sakura.ne.jp/project/trac.cgi/ticket/2923
http://splen.sakura.ne.jp/project/trac.cgi/ticket/2924
http://splen.sakura.ne.jp/project/trac.cgi/ticket/2925
National Forestry Database. Harvest, Table 5.1 Net merchantable volume of roundwood harvested by jurisdiction, tenure, category and species group. (accessed May 11, 2020).
National Forestry Database. Harvest, Table 5.2 Area harvested by jurisdiction, tenure, management and harvesting method. (accessed May 11, 2020).
Notes:
The national and provincial/territorial profile figures for harvesting volumes include data for industrial roundwood, pulpwood, logs and bolts, fuel wood and firewood from federal, provincial and territorial Crown land and from private land.
Area harvested data include federal, provincial, territorial and private forest lands.
Natural Resources Canada–Canadian Forest Service has estimated the area harvested in Quebec. This value is included in reporting the national area harvested.
Return to footnote1TEXT-REFERRERFootnote 2
Regeneration
Sources:
http://splen.sakura.ne.jp/project/trac.cgi/ticket/2926
http://splen.sakura.ne.jp/project/trac.cgi/ticket/2927
http://splen.sakura.ne.jp/project/trac.cgi/ticket/2928
http://splen.sakura.ne.jp/project/trac.cgi/ticket/2929
http://splen.sakura.ne.jp/project/trac.cgi/ticket/2930
http://splen.sakura.ne.jp/project/trac.cgi/ticket/2931
http://splen.sakura.ne.jp/project/trac.cgi/ticket/2932
http://splen.sakura.ne.jp/project/trac.cgi/ticket/2933
http://splen.sakura.ne.jp/project/trac.cgi/ticket/2934
http://splen.sakura.ne.jp/project/trac.cgi/ticket/2935
http://splen.sakura.ne.jp/project/trac.cgi/ticket/2936
http://splen.sakura.ne.jp/project/trac.cgi/ticket/2937
http://splen.sakura.ne.jp/project/trac.cgi/ticket/2938
National Forestry Database. Regeneration, Table 6.2 Area of direct seeding by jurisdiction, tenure and application method. (accessed May 11, 2020).
National Forestry Database. Regeneration, Table 6.2.2 Area planted by jurisdiction, tenure and species group. (accessed May 11, 2020).
Return to footnote2TEXT-REFERRERFootnote 3
Third-party certification
Source: Certification Canada, Canadian statistics. (accessed May 06, 2020).
Note: If a forest area has been certified to more than one of the three sustainable forest management standards (Canadian Standards Association, Sustainable Forestry Initiative, and Forest Stewardship Council), the area is counted only once. Therefore, the total certification for sustainable forest management standards may be less than the sum of the individual totals for these standards. The independently certified forest area is calculated using forest management units, which include streams, lakes, rivers and roads.
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Forest management planning
In Canada, forest management planning is one of the primary tools used to ensure that the country’s publicly owned forests remain healthy and vibrant and are managed sustainably.
Key in this approach is the forest management plan that every forest company must, by law, draw up and have approved by government before any harvesting can begin on public lands.
What is required in a forest management plan?
A forest management plan, usually covering a period of several decades, must:
outline a strategic vision and a commitment to protect multiple forest values in the area under management
assess the current state of the forest in the area the plan applies to
detail the desired future state of forest values in the area
set out the management objectives
describe the harvesting, regeneration and other activities to be carried to achieve the stated objectives
Management plans must be approved before harvesting starts
In Canada, most harvesting in publicly owned forests is done by private forestry companies. The companies operate under a licence or timber supply agreement they have with the provincial or territorial government that has jurisdiction over the land. These forest licences and agreements impose strict requirements on the companies.
Before a company may start any harvesting or other operations, it must develop a forest management plan and have it approved. Approval to harvest trees on public land is never automatic.
Forest management planning ensures that operations support sustainable forestry
Development of management plans follows a strict process which, although varying by jurisdiction, generally involves receiving input from industry, government agencies, the public and other stakeholders. The aim is to ensure that forestry operations and related activities are carried out in ways that support the sustainable management of all forest resources for generations to come.
In addition to forest management plans, more detailed tactical plans (to guide road building and harvest schedules, for example) are drawn up for specific operating areas and extend over a period of years. As well, annual operating plans identify exactly where and how harvesting operations and regeneration activities should occur in given years.
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Forestry practices are monitored to ensure plans are followed
Even after a forest management plan is approved, government oversight continues. In their jurisdictions, provincial and territorial governments:
closely monitor forest companies to ensure they comply with the plans
track the timber that is removed from the tenured lands
ensure that the companies meet the regeneration standards after harvest
audit compliance of the companies with regulations regarding the protection of soil, water and non-timber values and services
review every company’s forest plans every 5 or 10 years
Forest companies are required to:
submit regular, formal reports on their activities
update their plans in response to changing conditions and objectives
Companies that fail to comply with forest management plans face penalties. These range from warnings and fines to the suspension of harvesting rights or seizure of timber.
Public participation is vital to forest management planning
Public participation ensures that the planning process is transparent and gives Canadians real influence in decision-making. Public participation processes vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction but the parties generally include:
Aboriginal peoples
industry and environmental groups
community representatives
In many provinces, advisory groups must be involved in forest management planning for public lands and the plans must be made available to the public for review and comment.
Scientific research is the foundation of forest planning
Both forest management planning and sustainable forest management practices in Canada are first and foremost based on science. Provincial and territorial governments use the best available scientific research to update and improve forest management planning and policy-making, as well as practices on the ground.
Canada’s forests are being studied constantly by scientists and technologists from Natural Resources Canada–Canadian Forest Service, provincial and territorial government research agencies, and academic institutions. The knowledge uncovered informs and updates forest management guidelines and regulations on a steady basis.
Canadian Forest Service research supports management planning
Canadian Forest Service research projects include studies of wildlife habitat, fire and pest management, forest growth and yield, and wood supply. Examples of studies that have directly enhanced forest management planning:
Forest inventory advances – By significantly increasing the quality and accuracy of forest inventories, Canadian Forest Service researchers have helped forest managers reduce the size of area harvested and length of forest roads built to gain the same volume of timber harvested as before.
New partial-cutting harvest practices – In collaboration with FPInnovations, Canadian Forest Service researchers are developing innovative partial cutting approaches for harvesting and regenerating forests in more profitable and sustainable ways.
Identification of the northern limit for managed forests – Work by Canadian Forest Service researchers on fire regimes and stand dynamics has helped the provincial government in Quebec determine the northern limit of sustainable commercial-scale harvesting.
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